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PureForm™

SCIENCE-BASED PRE-WORKOUT

4.8
Rated 4.8 out of 5 stars
290 Reviews
$27.99 $34.99
PureForm provides a clean, simple, high quality blend of 5 research proven ingredients in their proper clinical dosages to maximize muscular strength, energy and mental focus during workouts. No proprietary blends, hidden fillers, heavy stimulants or artificial sweeteners/flavors. Just the core pre-workout ingredients that truly work, and in the right amounts. Period.

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PureForm™

$27.99 $34.99
PRODUCT INFO

3 REASONS WHY 95% OF PRE-WORKOUTS ON THE MARKET ARE POORLY FORMULATED AND FLAT-OUT INEFFECTIVE.

The pre-workout supplement category contains no shortage of hyped up marketing claims, “high profile” endorsements and flashy labels with endless lists of fancy-sounding ingredients.

It might seem convincing on paper, but none of these things deliver what actually matters in the real world: results.

The reality?

The vast majority of popular “mainstream” pre-workouts on the market are, quite simply, garbage.

1) In most cases, all they are is a random concoction of ineffective ingredients that are not backed by reliable studies, created for the sole purpose of turning a profit.

The truth is that despite the endless list of different ingredients that are commonly sold as “strength and performance boosters”, only a very small percentage are truly supported by legitimate scientific research.

The rest are based purely on false promises and misleading claims that leave you with nothing but a thinner wallet and a minor placebo effect at best.

2) Even in the rare pre-workout products that do contain a decent ingredient profile, you almost never end up getting the proper dosage of each one.

It doesn’t matter how effective a particular ingredient is – if it isn’t consumed in the right amount, its benefits will either be hugely reduced or completely non-existent.

And since many companies blatantly hide their specific ingredient amounts behind a bogus “proprietary blend”, you often have no way of even knowing what’s really in the product in the first place.

3) Not only are most popular pre-workouts flat-out ineffective, over-priced and over-hyped, but many of them are downright dangerous to boot.

They often contain questionable combinations of stimulants whose long-term safety has not been verified, along with various cheap fillers, hidden ingredients and excessive doses of artificial dyes, flavors and sweeteners.

You work hard in the gym for every ounce of muscle you build and every pound of fat you burn, and we think you deserve better than this.

PUREFORM™: THE SIMPLE, SCIENCE BASED PRE-WORKOUT FORMULA YOU CAN TRUST.

At RealScience Athletics, our goal was simple: to create the pre-workout formula we would want to use.

An honest, no B.S, science-based blend that would safely and effectively optimize training performance, without a speck of unnecessary filler mixed in.

No shady ingredients. No blatant under-dosing. No proprietary blends, heavy stimulants or over-the-top hype.

Just the core ingredients that truly work, and in the right amounts. Period.

There were several key criteria that needed to be met during the creation process.

Criteria that allowed us to strike the perfect balance between simplicity and effectiveness and produce what we truly believe to be the leading choice for pre-workout supplementation on the market…

We kept the formula clean, simple and straightforward.

Boosting energy and performance during your workout isn’t rocket science, and you don’t need an endless combination of 12+ ingredients to accomplish this effectively.

It’s not only unnecessary and expensive, but it can be potentially harmful as well if multiple stimulants are involved.

PureForm takes the opposite approach of all those over-hyped commercial pre-workout blends by honing in on a smaller number of key ingredients and including them in their full dosages and highest quality forms.

The result is a much cleaner and simpler, yet more effective pre-workout you can trust for better training sessions and reliable long-term safety.

Every ingredient is scientifically supported and included in its full clinical potency.

There are 3 key benefits that an effective pre-workout formula should provide: improved energy levels, increased muscular strength and sharper mental focus.

Every ingredient found in PureForm is research-proven to produce these exact benefits (you’ll find the complete ingredient breakdown below along with a myriad of supporting studies for each one), and are all present in their study-validated dosages for maximum benefits.

Fancy “ingredients of the month” come and go, but scientifically supported compounds that are proven to work can always be counted on for the long haul.

We also provide a 100% fully transparent label (no B.S “proprietary blends” or other cost-cutting gimmicks) so you know exactly what you’re getting in every scoop without any guesswork.

No heavy stimulants, so there’s no unwanted jitters or crash.

A good pre-workout shouldn’t leave you feeling like you’re on the verge of a heart attack, ready to jump out of your skin at any moment from the huge doses of caffeine and other stimulants included.

It should provide a balanced, sustained energy boost without those uncomfortable “edgy” feelings, or the dreaded “mid-workout crash” you get with all those other stimulant-heavy formulas.

That’s why we only used a moderate dose of caffeine (200mg) that would be well tolerated by the vast majority of people, along with an equal amount of l-theanine, a calming amino acid that improves mental focus while “smoothening out” caffeine’s energy-boosting effects.

Manufactured in a cGMP/NSF certified USA-based facility.

When shady companies flog off supplements that were produced by low quality manufacturers, it’s like playing Russian roulette with your body.

You’ll never know if the product you’re getting truly meets its label claim, or even worse, if it’s safe for you to consume.

Product safety and control is our top priority. That’s why PureForm is manufactured in a cGMP/NSF approved facility, the most widely-respected global third-party certification provider for supplement production.

It costs a bit more on our end to go this route, but guarantees that you’re getting the purest ingredients and highest quality processing available.

100% naturally sweetened and flavored.

While artificial sweeteners/flavors are likely not a health risk when consumed in moderation, many consumers still prefer to stay fully on the safe side and stick with natural ingredients whenever possible.

That’s why we decided to exclude the commonly used artificial substances found in most other pre-workouts such as sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame potassium and chemical flavorings/dyes.

Instead, we went with 100% natural alternatives by sweetening PureForm with stevia, along with real strawberry, lemon and pineapple fruit flavors.

Most importantly, it works.

A pre-workout certainly isn’t there to lift the weight for you, but PureForm will provide a noticeable edge during your workouts by improving your overall strength, energy and focus.

That’s because we used the right ingredients in the right amounts – based on real, concrete science – and in a specific combination that produces synergistic benefits when consumed together.

What exactly did we include in PureForm, and why?

Here’s the step by step ingredient breakdown along with the specific benefits, doses and scientific support for each one…

INGREDIENTS

REAL SCIENCE, REAL RESULTS:
COMPLETE PUREFORM™ INGREDIENT BREAKDOWN


L-CITRULLINE + MALIC ACID

L-citrulline is an amino acid (one of the building blocks of protein), while malic acid is a salt compound found in apples and other fruits.

When combined, research has shown these ingredients to minimize muscular fatigue and improve overall training performance. [1-4]

By accelerating the clearance of ammonia and lactate (two metabolic waste products that impair muscle contractions), you’ll be able to perform additional repetitions and re-charge more quickly in between sets. [5-6]

Studies have also found reductions in post workout muscle soreness, which accelerates recovery and maximizes strength/performance on upcoming workouts.[7]

Along with these two benefits, this combination may also improve aerobic exercise performance and increase nitric oxide circulation by raising blood levels of l-arginine. [8-9]

Many pre-workouts do include l-citrulline and malic acid in their formulas (typically listed together as “citrulline malate”) but usually in smaller amounts that fall outside the optimal research-studied dose.

PUREFORM CONTAINS 6 GRAMS OF PURE L-CITRULLINE ALONG WITH 2 GRAMS OF MALIC ACID PER SERVING.


CAFFEINE ANHYDROUS

Most people are already aware of caffeine’s basic effects when it comes to increasing energy levels, mental focus and alertness.

What most people aren’t aware of is the myriad of scientific research showing how these increases directly translate to improved workout performance. [10-12]

Caffeine has been shown to directly boost muscular strength, cardio performance and reaction times, along with lowering the perception of fatigue and discomfort during training. [13-19]

It also offsets the natural decrease in strength that occurs during morning workouts as compared to afternoon/evening workouts, which is a useful benefit for those who prefer to train earlier in the day. [20]

As a small added benefit, caffeine also increases thermogenesis to help you burn slightly more total calories and fat during your training sessions. [21]

PUREFORM CONTAINS 200MG OF CAFFEINE ANHYDROUS PER SERVING.

The 200mg dosage is large enough to deliver the performance boosting benefits of caffeine, but small enough to eliminate the unwanted “jitters” or “mid-workout crash” that often accompanies larger doses.

L-THEANINE

L-theanine is an amino acid that is naturally occurring in green tea leaves.

The combination of l-theanine and caffeine is one of the most widely studied “performance stacks” available for promoting enhanced cognition, since the two compounds have clear synergistic effects when consumed together. [22-26]

L-theanine works alongside caffeine to further increase mental focus, alertness, mood and motivation, while at the same time “smoothening out” the caffeine buzz by inducing mental relaxation without any sedative effects. [27-30]

The typical dose for this combination is either a 1:1 or 2:1 ratio of l-theanine to caffeine.

PUREFORM CONTAINS 200MG OF L-THEANINE PER SERVING.

This amount strikes the perfect pre-workout balance between increasing energy levels with the caffeine while achieving a clean “grounded focus” with the l-theanine.

L-TYROSINE

This amino acid is one of the primary building blocks for important catecholamines involved in neuromuscular performance: dopamine, adrenaline and noradrenaline.

Several studies have shown significant benefits associated with l-tyrosine supplementation regarding cognitive enhancement, improvements in concentration, as well as helping the mind cope more effectively in stressful situations. [31-36]

Just like l-theanine, l-tyrosine also works synergistically with caffeine, since it increases catecholamine production while caffeine increases their release.

Effective dosages for l-tyrosine can fall into quite a wide range depending on the situation, from as little as 500mg up to 6000mg or more.

PUREFORM CONTAINS 3000MG OF L-TYROSINE PER SERVING.

This is a good middle-ground dose that the majority of people will benefit from and tolerate well in combination with the other ingredients found in PureForm.

PUREFORM™: THE BOTTOM LINE

The ingredients in PureForm are research-proven to improve muscular strength, energy and focus, and are all included in their full clinical dosages and highest quality forms.

No proprietary blends, heavy stimulants or artificial substances, and no overly complicated lists of ingredients you don’t really need.

Just the key compounds that truly enhance training performance – in a clean, simple and straightforward formula – and for an affordable price.

If you’re sick and tired of over-hyped, under-dosed, ineffective pre-workouts packed with low quality ingredients, useless fillers and excessive stimulants…

And if you’re looking for an honest, no B.S, science-based formula you can trust to maximize your workout quality and overall results…

Hit the “Add To Cart” button above to grab your own supply of PureForm right away.

If you have any questions prior to ordering, just fill out the contact form below and we’ll get back to you as soon as possible.

Your results are our #1 priority. That’s why you’ll only pay for our products if you’re 100% satisfied with them.

If you purchase a RealScience supplement and are unhappy with it for any reason, just let us know and we’ll promptly refund your entire purchase.

You don’t even need to go through the hassle of returning the item to us. You can simply keep the product, and we part as friends.

Very few companies will offer a guarantee like this, but we truly value our customers and know that the quality and effectiveness of our supplements stands on its own.

(To protect ourselves from people abusing the refund policy, this guarantee applies to first-time purchases made within 3 months and is valid on a single bottle of each product. If you purchased more than one bottle and would like a complete refund then it’s required that the additional units be sent back to us so we can re-add them to our inventory.)

SUPPLEMENT FACTS / SUGGESTED USE
Mix one scoop with 12-16 ounces of water and consume 20-30 minutes prior to training. Vary water for desired taste. If this is your first time using PureForm, assess your individual tolerance first with half a serving. Do not exceed 2 scoops In a 24 hour period.





WARNING

Not intended for persons under the age of 18. Consult a physician prior to consumption if you have any existing medical conditions and/or are taking any prescription medications. Do not use if pregnant or nursing. Do not consume alongside caffeine or other stimulants. Immediately discontinue use and consult a health care professional if you experience any adverse side effects. To avoid sleeplessness, do not consume within 6-8 hours of sleep. Do not exceed recommended serving. Discontinue use 2 weeks prior to surgery. Do not use If safety seal ls broken or missing. Store In a cool, dry place.

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

VERIFIED CUSTOMER REVIEWS

4.8
Rated 4.8 out of 5 stars
Based on 290 reviews
Total 5 star reviews: 244 Total 4 star reviews: 36 Total 3 star reviews: 4 Total 2 star reviews: 3 Total 1 star reviews: 3
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290 reviews
  • Howard
    Rated 3 out of 5 stars
    33 minutes ago
    3 Stars

    I’ve tried pure form a few years ago and they were amazing. They had more flavor options and were easy to dissolve in water. I decided to try it again this time and it’s just not what I expected. No other flavor options, and this tastes just like the 13-15 bucks c4 and it triggered my acid reflux instantly. I’m only paying the premium because I trust Sean Nalewanjy and the product he promotes, but now I don’t see any reason to buy it.

    Was this helpful?
  • Jared
    Rated 5 out of 5 stars
    4 months ago
    5 Stars

    Outstanding product. Everything you need for an intense workout, no fillers or useless additives.

    Was this helpful?
  • Jenny P.
    Verified Buyer
    Rated 5 out of 5 stars
    5 months ago
    Great Product

    Awesome product!

    Was this helpful?
  • Randal H.
    Verified Buyer
    Rated 5 out of 5 stars
    5 months ago
    “Pure Energy”

    It gives me the right amount of energy to perform a solid, muscle building workout. No itchy skin and no crash.

    JUST RIGHT!!

    Was this helpful?
  • Chris Y.
    Verified Buyer
    Rated 5 out of 5 stars
    5 months ago
    All I need

    I like the fact that is has simple ingredients that work and the caffeine amount isn't overkill. It's the only preworkout I use. I don't want a bunch of crap in my preworkout that may or may not work and makes me feel sick. Good stuff. Could taste better, but it doesn't bother me.

    Was this helpful?
Reviews LoadedReviews Added

Your results are our #1 priority. That’s why you’ll only pay for our products if you’re 100% satisfied with them. If you purchase a RealScience supplement and are unhappy with it for any reason, just let us know and we’ll promptly refund your entire purchase. You don’t even need to go through the hassle of returning the item to us. You can simply keep the product, and we part as friends. Very few companies will offer a guarantee like this, but we truly value our customers and know that the quality and effectiveness of our supplements stands on its own.(To protect ourselves from people abusing the refund policy, this guarantee applies to first-time purchases made within 3 months and is valid on a single bottle of each product. If you purchased more than one bottle and would like a complete refund then it’s required that the additional units be sent back to us so we can re-add them to our inventory.)

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

HOW DOES PUREFORM COMPARE TO OTHER POPULAR PRE-WORKOUTS ON THE MARKET?

To put it simply, it doesn’t.

PureForm isn’t just another run-of-the-mill commercial pre-workout full of useless under-dosed ingredients that are hidden behind bogus proprietary blends.

Every single ingredient in Pureform is research-proven to increase strength, energy and focus and is included in its full clinical dosage for maximum benefits.

We didn’t bother with any fancy “throwaway ingredients” or over-hype our product with false promises and bogus claims like so many others do.

Instead, we focused in on the few high quality compounds that truly work to keep the formula as simple, honest, effective and economical as possible.

We also went light on the stimulants to prevent unwanted side effects, and avoided all artificial sweeteners/flavors in favor of 100% natural alternatives.

WHY DOES PUREFORM ONLY INCLUDE 5 INGREDIENTS?

Boosting energy and performance before your workout isn’t rocket science, and you don’t need an endless combination of 8, 10 or 15+ ingredients to accomplish this effectively.

Not only is it unnecessary from a performance standpoint, but it can be potentially harmful as well if multiple stimulants are involved.

Most pre-workouts that do include a long list of different ingredients are almost always significantly under-dosed anyway.

The label might seem impressive at first glance because of all the various “stuff” you’re getting, but in reality you’d need 2 or 3 times more of each individual ingredient in order to see real benefits.

PureForm takes the opposite approach of all those over-hyped “commercial” pre-workout blends by honing in on a smaller number of core ingredients and including them in their full dosages.

The result is a much cleaner and simpler, yet more effective pre-workout you can trust for better workouts and reliable long-term safety.

WILL PUREFORM GIVE ME THE “JITTERS” LIKE SO MANY OTHER PRE-WORKOUTS DO?

Our goal in formulating PureForm was to provide a clean, sustained energy boost without any edgy/jittery feelings, or the dreaded “mid-workout crash” that inevitably hits when you go overboard on stimulants.

That’s why we only used a moderate dose of caffeine that would be well tolerated by the vast majority of people (200mg), along with an equal amount of l-theanine, a calming amino acid that improves mental focus while “smoothening out” the effects of the caffeine.

If you’re especially caffeine-sensitive, you can simply reduce the serving size down to half a scoop.

HOW DO I KNOW THAT PUREFORM DOESN'T INCLUDE ANY CHEAP FILLERS OR HIDDEN INGREDIENTS LIKE OTHER COMPANIES HAVE BEEN FOUND USING?

Product safety and control is a top priority, and that’s why we only manufacture our supplements in cGMP/NSF certified USA-based facilities. This is the most widely-respected global third-party certification provider for supplement production.

It costs a bit more on our end to go this route, but guarantees that you’re getting the purest ingredients and highest quality processing available.

HOW OFTEN CAN I USE PUREFORM?

We recommend using PureForm prior to workouts 2-3 times per week, with 4 being the maximum.

Many companies will simply encourage you to use their product as often as possible to maximize repeat buys, but this is not the ideal way to use a pre-workout formula since overly frequent use will reduces the body’s sensitivity to the ingredients over time.

CAN I USE PUREFORM BEFORE CARDIO SESSIONS OR OTHER FORMS OF TRAINING THAT DON’T INVOLVE WEIGHTLIFTING?

PureForm can be used before any form of intensive exercise to improve energy levels, strength and endurance and does not have to be used solely for weight training.

Just make sure to stay within the recommended dosing guidelines for safety purposes and to prevent tolerance from building.

ARE THERE ANY SIDE EFFECTS?

The ingredients in PureForm have been shown to be both safe and effective when used within the recommended dosage.

That said, PureForm does contain a moderate dosage of caffeine (200mg) and if you’re particularly sensitive to stimulants you’ll want to assess your tolerance first with half a scoop before moving on to the full-sized serving.

You should also avoid taking PureForm within 6-8 hours of bed to make sure your sleep isn’t disturbed.

In addition, those with any pre-existing medical conditions or who are using any prescription medications should consult their physician prior to use.

WHY DOESN'T PUREFORM INCLUDE CREATINE OR BETA ALANINE?

Although many popular pre-workouts do include them, creatine and beta alanine are not “pre-workout ingredients” in the technical sense since they don’t exert any immediate effects on performance.

Instead, these supplements are meant to be taken on a daily basis over the long term (the specific timing doesn’t matter) in order to boost strength and endurance levels in the bigger picture.

We wanted PureForm to be a true pre-workout consisting only of ingredients that have direct benefits immediately upon consumption, and that’s why creatine and beta alanine have not been included.

If you’ve decided to use creatine and beta alanine as part of your overall plan, they need to be purchased separately to be taken on your off days anyway. For that reason, there’s really no point to including them in a pre-workout in the first place.

WHY DOES PUREFORM INCLUDE MALTODEXTRIN?

Maltodextrin is used to improve the sweetness profile of the formula and offset the naturally sour taste of the citrulline malate.

The amount included is minimal at only 2 grams per serving, which is less than half a teaspoon.

PUREFORM IS TOO SWEET/STRONG/SOUR TASTING FOR ME. WHAT SHOULD I DO?

Everyone has different taste preferences, and we did everything possible to optimize the flavor profile while maintaining PureForm’s 100% naturally sweetened/flavored status.

That said, if you do happen to find the formula a bit too sweet, you can simply add more water to dilute it.

Or, if you find it too sour (this is due to the natural flavor of citrulline malate), you can try mixing it with a bit of juice or another sweet-tasting beverage, or just add more water.

WILL I BUILD TOLERANCE TO PUREFORM?

If you use PureForm too frequently and/or regularly consume large amounts of caffeine from other sources, then yes, you will gradually build tolerance and the ingredients won’t exert as strong of an effect over time. (The exception is for citrulline malate which doesn’t have any tolerance-building properties)

You can prevent tolerance from building by only using PureForm 2-3 times per week (4 times at the most), minimizing your intake of other caffeine-containing beverages, and by cycling off for 1-2 weeks after every 6-8 weeks of continued use.

CAN WOMEN USE PUREFORM?

Yes, both men and women can benefit equally from PureForm.

Just make sure to start off with a half serving first to assess your tolerance before increasing to the full scoop.

The caffeine dosage is quite moderate at just 200mg, but some women may still find it a bit too stimulating if they’re particularly caffeine-sensitive or at a lighter body weight.

IS PUREFORM GLUTEN-FREE? VEGETARIAN AND VEGAN FRIENDLY?

Gluten-Free? Yes
Vegetarian? Yes
Vegan? No. The amino acid l-tyrosine is derived from animal sources.

WHAT ARE YOUR SCIENTIFIC REFERENCES?

1.Acute citrulline malate supplementation improves upper- and lower-body submaximal weightlifting exercise performance in resistance-trained females.
Glenn JM, Gray M, Wethington LN, Stone MS, Stewart RW Jr, Moyen NE. Eur J Nutr. 2017 Mar;56(2):775-784.

2.Effects of supplemental citrulline malate ingestion during repeated bouts of lower-body exercise in advanced weightlifters.
Wax B, Kavazis AN, Weldon K, Sperlak J. J Strength Cond Res. 2015 Mar;29(3):786-92.

3.l-Citrulline supplementation improves O2 uptake kinetics and high-intensity exercise performance in humans.
Bailey SJ, Blackwell JR, Lord T, Vanhatalo A, Winyard PG, Jones AM. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2015 Aug 15;119(4):385-95.

4.Acute citrulline-malate supplementation improves maximal strength and anaerobic power in female, masters athletes tennis players.
Glenn JM, Gray M, Jensen A, Stone MS, Vincenzo JL. Eur J Sport Sci. 2016 Nov;16(8):1095-103.

5.The Effect of Citrulline/Malate on Blood Lactate Levels in Intensive Exercise.
Kiyici F, Eroglu H, Kishali NF, Burmaoglu G. Biochem Genet. 2017 Jun 29.

6.Effects of Supplemental Citrulline-Malate Ingestion on Blood Lactate, Cardiovascular Dynamics, and Resistance Exercise Performance in Trained Males.
Wax B, Kavazis AN, Luckett W. J Diet Suppl. 2016;13(3):269-82.

7.Citrulline malate enhances athletic anaerobic performance and relieves muscle soreness.
Pérez-Guisado J, Jakeman PM. J Strength Cond Res. 2010 May;24(5):1215-22.

8.Citrulline/malate promotes aerobic energy production in human exercising muscle.
Bendahan D, Mattei JP, Ghattas B, Confort-Gouny S, Le Guern ME, Cozzone PJ. Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, Faculté de Médecine de la Timone, France. Br J Sports Med. 2002 Aug;36(4):282-9.

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10.International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and performance.
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12.Effect of caffeine on sport-specific endurance performance: a systematic review.
Ganio MS, Klau JF, Casa DJ, Armstrong LE, Maresh CM. J Strength Cond Res. 2009 Jan;23(1):315-24.

13.The Effect Of Caffeine Ingestion On Mood State And Bench Press Performance To Failure.
Duncan MJ, Oxford SW. J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Jan;25(1):178-85.

14.Effects of caffeine on prolonged intermittent-sprint ability in team-sport athletes.
Schneiker KT, Bishop D, Dawson B, Hackett LP. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006 Mar;38(3):578-85.

15.Effects of caffeine on repeated sprint ability, reactive agility time, sleep and next day performance.
Pontifex KJ, Wallman KE, Dawson BT, Goodman C. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2010 Dec;50(4):455-64.

16.Caffeine supplementation and multiple sprint running performance.
Glaister M, Howatson G, Abraham CS, Lockey RA, Goodwin JE, Foley P, McInnes G. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008 Oct;40(10):1835-40.

17.Caffeine ingestion, affect and perceived exertion during prolonged cycling.
Backhouse SH, Biddle SJ, Bishop NC, Williams C. Appetite. 2011 Aug;57(1):247-52.

18.Caffeinated chewing gum increases repeated sprint performance and augments increases in testosterone in competitive cyclists.
Paton CD, Lowe T, Irvine A. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010 Dec;110(6):1243-50.

19.Effect of two doses of caffeine on muscular function during isokinetic exercise.
Astorino TA, Terzi MN, Roberson DW, Burnett TR. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010 Dec;42(12):2205-10.

20.Caffeine ingestion reverses the circadian rhythm effects on neuromuscular performance in highly resistance-trained men.
Mora-Rodríguez R1, García Pallarés J, López-Samanes Á, Ortega JF, Fernández-Elías VE. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e33807.

21.Caffeine: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of its thermogenic, metabolic, and cardiovascular effects in healthy volunteers.
Astrup A, Toubro S, Cannon S, Hein P, Breum L, Madsen J. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990 May;51(5):759-67.

22.The combination of L-theanine and caffeine improves cognitive performance and increases subjective alertness.
Giesbrecht T, Rycroft JA, Rowson MJ, De Bruin EA. Nutr Neurosci. 2010 Dec;13(6):283-90.

23.Psychological effects of dietary components of tea: caffeine and L-theanine.
Bryan J. School of Psychology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5001, South Australia, Australia. Nutr Rev. 2008 Feb;66(2):82-90.

24.The effects of L-theanine, caffeine and their combination on cognition and mood.
Haskell CF, Kennedy DO, Milne AL, Wesnes KA, Scholey AB. Human Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Division of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK. Biol Psychol. 2008 Feb;77(2):113-22.

25.L-theanine and caffeine in combination affect human cognition as evidenced by oscillatory alpha-band activity and attention task performance.
Kelly SP, Gomez-Ramirez M, Montesi JL, Foxe JJ. Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Program in Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia, Orangeburg, NY, USA. J Nutr. 2008 Aug;138(8):1572S-1577S.

26.Assessing the effects of caffeine and theanine on the maintenance of vigilance during a sustained attention task.
Foxe JJ, Morie KP, Laud PJ, Rowson MJ, de Bruin EA, Kelly SP. The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA. Neuropharmacology. 2012 Jun;62(7):2320-7.

27.L-theanine, a natural constituent in tea, and its effect on mental state.
Nobre AC, Rao A, Owen GN. Unilever Food and Health Research Institute, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, The Netherlands. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17 Suppl 1:167-8.

28.L-Theanine reduces psychological and physiological stress responses.
Kimura K, Ozeki M, Juneja LR, Ohira H. Nagoya University Department of Psychology, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan. Biol Psychol. 2007 Jan;74(1):39-45.

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